wowmodelview,其余的请告诉我出处和装备名称

1、wowmodelview，其余的请告诉我出处和装备名称？

除了楼主说的，其他的胸手腰腿脚都是血拳套，是65-70小怪随机掉落的，给你一个178的链接，你可以去看看http://db.178.com/wow/transmogrification/index.html?view=1#cn1,85,0,0,25004,0,25000,0,0,25005,25001,24998,25003,24999,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

2、有哪些好的手机app推荐？

不清楚您是安卓手机还是苹果手机。

但是我是安卓手机，我就按照安卓手机的推荐吧。

首先表示推荐的软件都是属于在没有root的情况下使用的。

暂不推荐xplored框架和相关模块，随便那边有广阔天地……

双开助手

作为一个拥有N多小号的人，即使微信有了可以切换账号的功能，依旧不够我使用。加上QQ只能登录10个账号，也不够使用。双开助手是必须的了，可以给各种应用开一个同样的APP，给你的小号使用，虽然个人感觉这个软件的广告很烦。但是前段时间手机自带的双开软件都被微信检测到了，双开助手依旧稳定，还是不错的。

X-plore

Lonely Cat Games公司的又一经典作品，良心的文件管理器，操作简单，功能强大。前段时间手机内存突然不足了，一直找不到原因，然后用这个软件找到了是某个文件夹多了17G的缓存（天知道是为什么）。连系统自带的文件管理器都找不到。支持一个，嗯，他的页面很朴实，和外面妖艳的货色就是不一样……

PS Touch

对的，这个就是手机版的PS，这个可是Adobe公司专门推出给手机使用的正版软件。功能依旧强大，虽然可能比不上电脑版的PS，但是跟其他类型的手机修图软件比还是绰绰有余的，唯一麻烦的就是操作可能有点不太好操作。主要还是用于临时性的修图要求。

什么值得买

这是一个中立性质的购物决策网站，由网友提供实惠的购物信息啥的。反正是不错的，想我年货很多就是从这边看到的各种折扣然后去买的，东西是打了不少折扣，但是也因此多花了很多钱买不是刚需的东西，适合喜欢买买买还兜里没两钱的人，哈哈。

大茶肆

前段时间刚推出的垂直类的茶叶购买平台，前段时间测试的时候用过，感觉理念挺不错的。像我们喜欢买茶的嘛，很多时候钱是可以花的，就是怕花了钱还买到假茶，那么就是扎心又扎钱包了。大茶肆就是专注于控制茶叶的质量，直击要点啊，当然，后续的发展还是需要看他做的什么样了。

视+AR

近两年虚拟现实技术火了起来。同时被抄起来的是这个增强现实技术，也就是AR。这款软件是拍小视频用的，等于是给你录小视频的时候给你加上个特效，来个龟派气功啊，降龙十八掌啊，或者找个骷髅跟你一起跳舞啊之类的。其实类似于这样的AR相机也不少。但是试过几款，有些的要么素材少，要么有些僵硬。这款还不错，适合恶搞啥的。

蜗牛睡眠

蜗牛睡眠是一款帮助你记录睡眠和辅助你睡眠的软件，通过我也不知道是什么原理来检测你的睡眠时长和状态什么的，还可以播放催眠曲，模仿蛐蛐的叫声，风吹铃铛的声音，流水的声音，下雨的声音啥的祝你入睡。还有一个可以记录你打呼噜的声音的功能，他会自动记录深夜里超过多少分贝的声音，第二天早上起来你可以看看自己有没有打呼噜，打了多久，大概在啥时候打的，从而决定需要治理吗。也挺有趣的。

嗯，七是最有魔力的数字，那就介绍这七款吧，纯手打好累啊，不说了。

祝您生活娱乐。

3、Windows是如何将64位Ntdll映射到32位进程的？

WoW64是什么？

来自MSDN：

WOW64是允许32位Windows应用程序无缝运行在64位Windows的模拟器。

换句话说，随着64位版本Windows的引进，Microsoft需要拿出一种允许在32位时代的Windows程序与64位Windows新的底层组件无缝交互的解决方案。特别是64位内存寻址和与内核直接交流的组件。

两个NT层，一个内核

在32位的Windows系统中，要调用Windows API的应用程序需要经过一系列的动态链接库（DLL）。然而，所有的系统调用最终会定向到ntdll.dll，它是在用户模式下将用户模式API传递给内核的最高层。以调用CreateFileW为例，这个API调用源于用户模式下的kernel32.dl，随后它以NtCreateFile传递给ntdll，随后NtCreateFile通过系统调度程序将控制权传递给内核。

在32位Windows下这是非常简单的，然而，在WoW64下需要额外的步骤。32位的ntdll不可以直接将控制权交给内核，因为内核是64位的，只接受遵循64位ABI的类型（译者注：ABI，Application Binary Interface，应用二进制接口）。正因为如此，一个翻译层以几个标准的命名为wow64.dll,wow64cpu.dll和wow64win.dll的DLL的形式被添加到64位Windows。这几个DLL负责将32位调用转换成64位调用。那些调用最终被定向到映射到每个32位进程中的64位ntdll。许多关于这种从32位系统调用到64位系统调用（1）的神奇转换的信息是可获得的，所以我们不会从这里进入。我们最关注的是内核何时和怎样将64位版本的ntdll映射到一个32位进程。看起来像这样：

我们特别关注倒数第二项。我们能发现ntdll被映射到地址是64位地址范围（7FFFFED40000-7FFFFEF1FFFF），而且它的位置在Windows 64位系统文件所在的System32\路径下。然而，我们知道32位进程不可以访问或者运行在64位内存空间。

为了理解上面输出的内容，我们首先讨论VAD（Virtual Address Descriptor,虚拟地址描述符）是什么和它将如何帮助我们理解加载64位dll到32位进程的机制的。

什么是虚拟地址描述符？

VAD是Windows操作系统跟踪系统中可用物理内存的许多方法之一。VAD专门跟踪每个进程用户模式范围的保留的和提交的地址。任何时候一个进程请求一些内存，一个新的VAD实力被创建用来跟踪内存。

VAD被构造成一个自平衡树，每个节点描述了一段内存范围。每个节点至多包含两个子节点，左边是低地址，右边是高地址。每个进程被分配一个VadRoot，之后通过遍历VadRoot来分辨额外用来描述保留或提交的虚拟地址范围的额外节点。我们需要关注WindDBG中的！vad命令的输出，因为这是我们将大量使用来跟踪64位Windows中32位进程的映射的输出。对于这个练习，不是所有的域对我们来说都是特别有趣的。我们考虑测试程序HelloWorld.exe的输出。通过!process ProcessObject 命令的输出来分辨我们进程的VadRoot。

一旦我们确定了VadRoot，我将地址输入到 !vad 命令。（输出为了容易分析已被截断）

我们看到五列： "VAD", "Level", "Start", "End", 和"Commit".！vad命令 接受VAD实例的地址；在我们的例子中，我们已经为它提供了在此进程中通过使用!process命令获得的VadRoot。

VAD地址是当前VAD结构体或实例的地址：

等级（Level）描述了这个VAD实例（节点）在所在树中的级别。Level 0是从上面!process输出中获得的VadRoot。开始（Starting）和结束（Ending）地址值用VPN（Virtual Page Numbers，虚拟页数量）表示。这些地址可以通过乘以页面大小（4kb）或者左移3位转化为虚拟地址。结束VPN会添加一个额外的0xFFF来扩展到页面末尾。如我们上面例子中的D20->D20000,DD20->DD2FFF。提交（Commit）是被此VAD实例描述的范围内提交页面的数量。分配类型（type of allocation）告诉我们改特定范围是否已经被映射或是进程私有的。访问类型（Type of access）描述改范围内的允许访问。最后是被映射到当前区域对应的名称。一个AVD实例可以以多种方式创建。如通过使用映射API（CreateFileMapping/MapViewOfFile）或者内存分配API如VirutalAlloc函数。内存可以是保留或者提交的（或free的），或保留和部分提交的。无论哪一种，一个VAD项被映射到进程的Vad树来让内存管理器知道此进程中当前已提交的内存。我们对VAD 的观察将揭示WoW64下运行的32位进程的初始设置。 映射NT子系统DLL

进程初始化的早期，在主可执行文件被映射和初始化之前，Windows为特殊区域确定和保留一些地址范围。其中包含初始进程地址空间，共享系统空间（_KUSER_SHARED_DATA）,控制流守护位图区域，和NT本地子系统（ntdll）。由于进程初始化整体的复杂性，我们只关注最后一块，它包含32位ntdll和64位ntdll加载到32位进程地址空间的逻辑。我们关注一系列的API调用和在每个点的内存区域的虚拟地址描述符（VAD）。为了让内核区分怎样映射一个新进程，它需要知道是否这是一个WoW64进程。当进程对象最初被创建，内核通过读取名为_EPROCESS.Wow64Process的未文档化结构体_EPROCESS结构体的值来实现此操作。

PspAllocateProcess是我们探索开始的地方，但是更具体的说，我们开始在MmInitializeProcessAddressSpace()。MmInitializeProcessAddressSpace()负责与一个新进程地址空间有关的初始化。它调用MiMapProcessExecutable，该函数创建了定义初始进程可寻址内存空间的VAD项，随后将新创建的进程映射到它的基虚拟地址。

一个特别有趣的函数是PspMapSystemDlls。我们关注在调用PspMapSystemDlls之前的进程地址空间的样子。在WinDBG中确保我们当前处于我们测试应用程序的上下文中(.process)，并寻找当前VadRoot(!vad output)。

到目前为止我们可以观察到，我们的进程在32问地址空间中被映射和分配了一个基地址（1200），内核共享内存(0x7FFE0000-0x7FFE0FFF) 和64KB保留内存区域(0x7FFE1000-0x7FFEFFFF) 也已经被映射到他们各自的虚拟地址。

PspMapSystemDlls通过一个包含多个平台子系统模块的全局指针迭代。对于x86和x64Windows，这些是分别位于C:\Windows\SysWow64 和C:\Windows\System目录中的ntdll.dll。

一旦PspMapSystemDlls发现要加载的DLL，它调用PspMapSystemDll 来映射他们（DLLs）到进程的地址空间。该函数非常简短，下面展示了一个片段。为了正确映射本地子系统，需要满足一些条件。

PspMapSystemDll通过调用MmMapViewOfSection实现实际的本地DLL的映射，并保存所占的基地址。在这两个DLL映射完成并且他们的VAD项初始化完成后，我们的32位进程地址空间看起来像这样：

所以现在，我们映射完我们的进程（0xc40000-0xcf2fff），内核共享内存空间（0x7ffe0000-0x7ffe0fff），32位地址空间的有效结束区域（0x7ffe1000-0x7ffeffff）,和我们的两个NT子系统DLL。

锁定地址空间

为了完成32位进程的映射，还有最后一步要做。我们知道一个32位进程最多寻址到2GB的虚拟内存，所以Windows需要屏蔽此进程剩余的地址空间。对于32位进程，屏蔽在 0x7FFF0000 - 0x7FFFFFFF之后；然而，0x7FFeFFFF之后什么也不可以映射。基于此事实，紧邻64位NTDLL的内存区域需要保留或者屏蔽。要做到这一点，内核标记剩下的64位地址空间为私有。它通过遍历当前进程的VAD树和定位最后可用的虚拟地址来创建此VAD项，然后附加一个新的VAD项。

完成此任务的API是MiInitializeUserNoAccess。该函数接受当前进程句柄和一个虚拟地址。传递的虚拟地址是0x7FFF0000，这是32为进程最后可寻址范围的起始。然后，它遍历当前的VAD项并执行一个新范围的插入，该范围覆盖了32位进程剩余的地址空间。在此调用后，我们的进程地址空间看起来像这样：

我们现在可以发现，我们的32位进程已经映射，并且它的合规的内存地址范围已经被内核保留。涵盖0x7FFF0 - 0x7FFFFED3F和0x7FFFFEF20- 0x7FFFFFFEF 范围的VAD实例已经被内核保留为私有。随后任何检索内存的调用仅仅会发生在允许的32为地址空间内。一旦进程完全加载，我们可以看到额外的已提交的内存出现在进程（0xC40000）附近的地址空间。

结束演讲

我们观察到64位Windows下的32位进程的初始映射以及64位ntdll如何被映射到64位区域，随后64位地址空间被锁定，防止用户访问，我们学到了什么？

1. 早期初始化逻辑决定我们是否准备映射一个WoW64进程。

2. 分配最初的32位地址空间区域；这包括最高可访问的32位地址范围，和进程首选的基虚拟地址。

3. NT子系统DLL被加载到他们各自的地址范围，32位ntdll加载到32位空间，64位ntdll加载到64位地址空间。

4. MmInitializeUserNoAccess 用来创建与64位ntdll范围相邻的范围。这具有从32位进程锁定64位可寻址空间的效果。

希望这篇文章提供了一些关于Windows如何允许讲32位进程无缝集成到64位Windows操作系统的透明度。随着WoW64模拟层的添加，对地址空间可用性进行了一些额外的考虑，并且这个过程反映了一些这些考虑和及其实现。

4、室内设计教程？

室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。

学习基础知识

刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。

美术基础知识

室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：

10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

线条画法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

明暗：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

构图：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

色彩：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。

透视

透视的基本原理：

视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。

透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。

关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。

素描透视的认识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

平行（一点）透视

物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。

成角（两点）透视

物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。

斜角透（三点）视

此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。

灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。

线条基本画法

任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。

直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。

竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。

曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。

折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。

马克笔技法

平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。

线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。

点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。

扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。

蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。

会出现的问题

运笔太慢：

纸没有完全压在笔上：

画的时候犹豫：

点的时候太过僵硬：

构图基本规律

构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系，是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。

构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节，在深入刻画之前，应该选择合适的视角，恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。

明暗

有光就有明暗。

通常光照射物体，会产生受光面、背光面、反光面，我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。

在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系，打好明暗交界线之后，用较浅的色调画大体的明暗，要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。

光线直线前进

放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。

任何物体离光源越远，光的影响越弱，颜色越暗色，这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。

光会反射

①反射光

每个物体的光反射率不同，物体的质感表现也会发生变化，反射率越低颜色越发黑，反射率越高颜色越高光。

②反射光

因为光线会反射，所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。

举例

球形的画法：

1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型，表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。

2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景，注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。

3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体，然后从明暗交界线逐步加强，使之在统一中寻找变化。

4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。

色彩运用

色彩基本概念：

1、色相：表示色的特质，例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等，表示色彩相貌的差异。

2、明度：表示色彩的强度，即亮度和深浅程度，白色物体反射率最高，所以明度就最高，黑色物体则反之。

3、纯度：即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色，那么该色相的明度就会越来越高，而纯度越来越低；如果色彩不断混入黑色，它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。

冷色

青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调，具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉，我们称为冷色。

暖色

桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调，会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉，我们称为暖色。

充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间，改善空间效果。

而这些色彩的作用可以总结为：膨胀色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色与下坠色。

暖色具有膨胀感，冷色具有收缩感：

小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。

暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。

空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。

浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。

利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。

我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:

背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；

主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；

配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；

点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。

搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。

同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。

进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。

1、单色调搭配

以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。

2、相似色调搭配

相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。

3、互补色调搭配

互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。

4、无彩色调搭配

全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。

CAD基础知识

学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。

下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。

CAD教程之基本工具的使用：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/

工具的使用

AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。

初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。

不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。

后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。

其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。

访问工具栏

工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。

功能区选项卡

放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。

功能面板

选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。

文件标签栏

显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。

图形窗口

创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。

命令历史

命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。

命令行

跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。

在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。

命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。

模型布局标签

CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。

状态栏

状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。

低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。

特性面板（属性框）

CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。

我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。

CAD常用功能

常用CTRL，ALT快捷键

ALT+TK 如快速选择

ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口

ALT+MUP提取轮廓

Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)

Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上

Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)

Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)

Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令

Ctrl+K: 超级链接

Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件

Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框

Ctrl+O：打开图象文件

Ctrl+P：打开打印对话框

Ctrl+S：保存文件

Ctrl+U：极轴模式控制(F10)

Ctrl+v：粘贴剪贴板上的内容

Ctrl+W：对象追 踪式控制(F11)

Ctrl+X：剪切所选择的内容

Ctrl+Y：重做

Ctrl+Z：取消前一步的操作

Ctrl+1：打开特性对话框

Ctrl+2：打开图象资源管理器

Ctrl+3：打开工具选项板

Ctrl+6：打开图象数据原子

Ctrl+8或QC：快速计算器

尺寸标注

DRA：半径标注

DDI：直径标注

DAL：对齐标注

DAN：角度标注

END：捕捉到端点

MID：捕捉到中点

INT：捕捉到交点

CEN：捕捉到圆心

QUA：捕捉到象限点

TAN：捕捉到切点

PER：捕捉到垂足

NOD：捕捉到节点

NEA：捕捉到最近点

AA：测量区域和周长(area)

ID：指定坐标

LI：指定集体(个体)的坐标

AL：对齐(align)

AR： 阵列(array)

AP：加载*lsp程系

AV：打开视图对话框(dsviewer)

SE：打开对象自动捕捉对话框

ST：打开字体设置对话框(style)

SO：绘制二围面( 2d solid)

SP：拼音的校核(spell)

SC：缩放比例 (scale)

SN：栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)

DT：文本的设置(dtext)

DI：测量两点间的距离

OI：插入外部对象

LE：引线标注

ST：单行文本输入

La：图层管理器

绘图命令

A：绘圆弧

B：定义块

C：画圆

D：尺寸资源管理器

E：删除

F：倒圆角

G：对象组合

H：填充

I：插入

J：对接

S：拉伸

T：多行文本输入

W：定义块并保存到硬盘中

L：直线

M：移动

X：炸开

V：设置当前坐标

U：恢复上一次操作

O：偏移

P：移动

Z：缩放

提高效率技巧

1、作图步骤：设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。

2、绘图始终使用1：1比例。为改变图样的大小，可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。

3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。

4、需精确绘图时，可使用栅格捕捉功能，并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。

5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中，应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入，然后打印出图。

6、对于有名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等，命名时不仅要简明，而且要遵循一定的规律，以便于查找和使用。

7、将一些常用设置，如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF)，以后绘制新图时，可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它，并开始绘图。

下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例，大家可以看看。

3ds max基础知识

3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。

打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。

各部分介绍如下

①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。

②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。

③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。

④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。

⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。

⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。

⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。

⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。

⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。

⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。

菜单栏

菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。

1、【文件】菜单

在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。

2、【编辑】菜单

在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。

3、【工具】菜单

在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。

4、【组】菜单

【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。

5、【视图】菜单

【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。

6、【创建】菜单

在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。

7、【修改器】菜单

在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。

8、【动画】菜单

【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。

9、【图形编辑器】菜单

【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。

10、【渲染】菜单

在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。

11、【Civil View】菜单

【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。

12、【自定义】菜单

【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。

13、【脚本】菜单

在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。

14、【帮助】菜单

在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。

主工具栏

主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。

1、撤销和重做工具

在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。

2、链接绑定类工具

链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。

【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。

【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。

【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。

3、对象选择类工具

对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。

使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。

【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。

单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。

选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。

【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。

4、对象操作类工具

对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。

使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。

【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。

使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。

【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。

【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。

使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。

使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。

5、精准类工具

精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。

【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。

【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。

【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。

【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。

6、选择集类工具

选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。

【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。

【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。

7、镜像对齐类工具

镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。

使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。

对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。

【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。

【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。

【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。

【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。

【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。

8、资源管理器类工具

资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。

【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。

【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。

9、视图类工具

切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。

【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。

【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。

【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。

10、材质编辑器工具

【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。

11、渲染类工具

渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具，分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。

【渲染设置】按钮（快捷键为F10）可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。

【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框，在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。

【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。

功能区

单击主工具栏中的（切换功能区）按钮，即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的，如图所示。

视口

3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口，默认情况下视口包括4部分，分别是顶视图（快捷键为T）、前视图（快捷键为F）、左视图（快捷键为L）、透视图（快捷键为P），如图所示。

例如，单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标，模型会转动到左侧，并且视图左上方变成了【正交】，若想再次切换回【前视图】，则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图所示。

单击视图左上方的四个按钮，能分别弹出四个对话框，可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等，如图所示。

状态栏控件

状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方，它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息，并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息，如图所示。

迷你侦听器：用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器，它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。

状态栏：此处可显示选中了几个对象。

提示行：此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。

孤立当前选择切换：单击该按钮将只选择该对象。

选择锁定切换：单击该按钮可以锁定该对象，此时其他对象将无法选择。

绝对模式变换输入：单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。

相对/绝对变换输入：可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。

自适应降级：启用该工具，在操作场景时会更流畅。

栅格：此处显示栅格数值。

时间标记：单击可以添加和编辑标记。

动画控件

动画控件位于状态栏的右侧，这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制等，如图所示。

命令面板

命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成，使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具，3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板，如图所示。

进入【创建】面板，其中包括7种对象，分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】，如图所示。

几何体：用来创建几何体模型，如长方体、球体等。

图形：用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线，如线、圆、矩形等。

灯光：用来创建场景中的灯光，如目标灯光、泛光灯。

摄影机：用来创建场景中的摄影机。

辅助对象：用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。

空间扭曲：用来创建空间扭曲对象，常搭配粒子使用。

系统：用来创建系统工具，如骨骼、环形阵列等。

【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数，还可以为对象添加修改器。

【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具，通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接，可以创建对象之间的父子关系，包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。

【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。

【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。

【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序，例如塌陷、测量等。

时间尺

【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分，如图所示。

时间线滑块：位于3dmax界面下方，拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置，还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。

轨迹栏：位于【时间线滑块】下方，用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。

视口导航

视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧，主要用来控制视图的显示和导航，使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图，如图所示。

缩放：使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。

视野：使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。

缩放所有视图：使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。

平移视图：使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。

最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中，快捷键为Z。

环绕子对象：使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。

所有视图最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。

最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。

3ds max快捷键

显示降级适配(开关) 【O】

适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】

排列 【Alt】+【A】

角度捕捉(开关) 【A】

动画模式 (开关) 【N】

改变到后视图 【K】

背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】

前一时间单位 【.】

改变到上(Top)视图 【T】

改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】

改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】

改变到前(Front)视图 【F】

改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】

改变到右(Right)视图 【R】

改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】

循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】

默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】

删除物体 【DEL】

当前视图暂时失效 【D】

是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】

显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】

专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】

暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】

取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】

冻结所选物体 【6】

跳到第一帧 【HOME】

显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】

显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】

显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】

显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】

显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】

显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】

显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】

锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】

匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】

材质(Material)编辑器【M】

最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】

脚本编辑器 【F11】

新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】

法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】

向下轻推网格小键盘【-】

向上轻推网格小键盘【+】

NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】

NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】

NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】

偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】

打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】

平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】

交互式平移视图 【I】

放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】

播放/停止动画 【/】

快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】

刷新所有视图 【1】

用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】

渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】

在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】

约束到X轴 【F5】

约束到Y轴 【F6】

透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】

选择父物体 【PageUp】

选择子物体 【PageDown】

根据名称选择物体 【H】

选择锁定(开关) 【空格】

减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】

显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】

显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】

显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】

显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】

显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】

显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】

显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】

显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】

百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】

打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】

循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】

声音(开关) 【\】

间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】

改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】

循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】

子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】

帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】

加大动态坐标 【+】

减小动态坐标 【-】

激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】

精确输入转变量 【F12】

全部解冻 【7】

根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】

刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】

显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】

视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】

用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】

打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】

虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】

虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】

虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】

虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】

虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】

虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】

实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】

全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】

缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】

放大镜工具 【Z】

视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】

根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】

视窗交互式放大 【[】

视窗交互式缩小 【]】

轨迹视图

加入(Add)关键帧 【A】

前一时间单位 【<;】

下一时间单位 【>;】

编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】

编辑区域模式 【F3】

编辑时间模式 【F2】

展开对象(Object)切换 【O】

展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】

函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】

锁定所选物体 【空格】

向上移动高亮显示 【↓】

向左轻移关键帧 【←】

向右轻移关键帧 【→】

位置区域模式 【F4】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】

向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】

材质编辑器

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

示意(Schematic)视图

下一时间单位 【>;】

前一时间单位 【<;】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

绘制(Draw)区域 【D】

渲染(Render) 【R】

锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】

草图大师基础

sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。

软件基础知识

我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。

下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：

打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。

第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。

第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。

第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。

第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。

第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。

第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。

第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。

详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：

Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/

下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模

1、建模前的准备工作

一般我们的景观方案确定好后，就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面，如图1，但是图1的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图2。

图1

图2

2、CAD线稿整理

①另存一个cad

命名不能用中文，因为汉字和字母的算法不一样，SU可能识别出错。

②炸开组件

将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件，可能是用天正等软件绘制，导入SU后会消失。

③删除一些影响平面整体性的线

再删除字体、标高，雕塑，景石，坐凳，灯具，铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。

④线条高度归零

SU是在一个平面上面建模的，所以线条需要统一标高。

⑤归同一个图层

将所以线条归在同一个图层，方便后面清理cad。

⑥pu清理cad

清理cad其他图层，目的减少cad内存，导入su的时候不占太多内存。

3、SU建模前的整理

①SU开始界面

SU开始界面，会让我们选择一个模板，这里以2015版本为例，我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。

②导入cad线稿

SU导入cad的时候，会出现一个窗口，右边选项，记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3

③炸开线稿

④线稿封面

一般需要用到插件（胚子库）来封面，可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5

图3

图4

图5

4、SU建模

①正面建模

Su有正反面之分，正面为白色，反面为蓝色，模型外面需要是正面，为了导入lumion渲染的时候，可以识别，lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。

②成组（组件）建模

按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件，目的是为了方便后期修改，不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。

③贴材质

材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用，也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6

④放置建筑

模型大体完成，这样就可以进入lumion渲染，如果目前只需要su出图的话，再进行第五步

⑤放置植物，人物，小品

SU出图效果也不错，放置一些植物，人物，小品来营造氛围

⑥植物配置

植物配置方式有多种形式，总结来说就是二个字“层次”。

图6

关于sketchup建模的课程，大家可以看看以下视频学习以下：

最简单的3D建模软件：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

从0到1，手把手带你学会SU建模：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

软件的快捷键

掌握快捷键知识，可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便，相对来说是一种进阶的知识。

学习资料推荐

《建筑装饰制图与识图（第4版）》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用，介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例，便于读者对照学习。

《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》

《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》

《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。

室内设计过程

室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。

策划阶段

1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。

2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。

3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。

方案阶段

1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。

2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。

施工图阶段

1、装修施工图

①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；

②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；

③立面图、剖面图

④大样图、详图

2、设备施工图

①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；

②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；

③暖通：系统、空调布置

室内设计风格

现代风格

现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。

工业风格

工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。

北欧风格

这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。

日式北欧融合

自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。

复古风格

随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。

地中海风格

地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。

极简主义设计

极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。

中式复古风格

中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。

中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。

在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。

新中式风格

新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。

简约中式风格

中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。

室内设计原则

1、 整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；

2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；

3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；

4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；

5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。

学习资料推荐

学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。

教材：

1、《色彩构成》

2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬

本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会

3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽

这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。

4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳

本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。

视频课程：

室内设计零基础入门教程https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

彻底学会3DMAXhttps://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMad2QeYoWSUCx8jP8cgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsI2Ko8iiUxmQA3czsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AW28duoIWowUuUx0okZczK3Enpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS0KdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Uqday2woGKaIxiQNkcjxGun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8cqdYceGo0ykkxOiJycSmspn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gaomdqu2aoIsOOxEBgkcwMC1nuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcC8dG4gOo22gMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQ0yWoMwQwxu6Enckp0pngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUo8iuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSA0xctQpcbs3mnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ge8gd2YacoGmKexgbW0cIUcan1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdcc0Yo2wgIxjllccn5EEnb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow2wdc0kSoSOeOx8G4ZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8q0dokSAom4ykx0aPncNOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQ2cyoGQa8x2R67cD5iJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46gdCgI6oUSG4xaU3UcLu3xnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行（一点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudi4UyoEMcIxOIlgcL67in1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoY0mgxQ5L1cAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角（两点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOy0d2uMuo4ymgxx243c1PYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdE6EQo4Y8oxSGhuco3iRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUc2GoMSukxgRo6cBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGa4cxmAEccuJ28nzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2qkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcP3tcnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd49053a44b64632be7f9ed76cd77468","width":1080},"text":"","id":"NC6wdMqquo8YYsxBBuTcGqV7nbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQw6dyGYko8oWSxYjEUc1bTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSd2mCCoEu8Kxs3sBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUd0KQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMm8duOSooYMuixkVTOcm14bnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/12073ea963f14e6ea8724ca7365f8df5","width":300},"text":"","id":"TQcqdC0OgoOYWcxuWtUc3VW8nlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsKCdg6WioAwkCxYNPpcgp8vnRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0e4cbc4073747a1852a013f13c633cc","width":357},"text":"","id":"EOykdSCUEoMuE8xq02ecEteEnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICwGdE2cQocm8ox0K7gcYhgjnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60de58da27164c1bbe91ca1ea76350e9","width":292},"text":"","id":"RoE4dYksYoWiKsx4CqjcPnV3nhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYIAdKWMyoq2qwxQbcacuomhngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c6fb382f6764e2f900a0b12bbef4522","width":522},"text":"","id":"Fyswd6Eg8o8wEux4cpzcaznwnRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2WOdeAImoUAm0xQDGZcy8HSn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaIIdyGGEoaQKqxEP1bcpkM6nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":113,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3f4e12ffaab401cb9fc869a1102e359","width":184},"text":"","id":"VKwMdme0qoMEwmxiS2scRTz8nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCYCd4AOgoq0eMxmcCxcJKm9nHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":69,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcfb0affb1e347cf8fd3e7d169642984","width":230},"text":"","id":"WE8OdKQawoYs2ExyOCFchAlEn7S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCcCdUweCosCS2xg1DOcnnfanSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42931fdb5a4048c6a7a5af94260a454d","width":244},"text":"","id":"NWmUds0MUoicMexmcYqcjtHonQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuU2d0K0Mo624qxYnYhcKLF2neb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":87,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7acc96e58f06411a87735bad64a2ff86","width":212},"text":"","id":"SE0kdc886oC4aGxIhPncSyRrnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKy6dSAoAoAwgwxwBk2cZVENnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9095546aaf1e4df094c3c2c3aa4982f7","width":278},"text":"","id":"FeOcduuMeoseo4xCuDPcqGqTn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会出现的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4qcdEM08ocagkxgt2ScriOpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔太慢：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkWodmEauoUq2exeAw5cMs1onqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44cb89581cba4ec594c3863c32ce800f","width":193},"text":"","id":"O8ESdA2MSocesWxMrJbcP6Monsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸没有完全压在笔上：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZKS8d4UySokIQuxCYGEcIviAn4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height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s":{"height":462,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a87e066ea6e0401fab1000405663a5aa","width":794},"text":"","id":"QUEAdMYKSoW8eQxe8AicIph0nwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体，然后从明暗交界线逐步加强，使之在统一中寻找变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sya8dqgGwoSSwaxKez0cM4KWn69"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":457,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a653d4fb753d4c9f85cba2b0f642acca","width":790},"text":"","id":"Yw8kdomKGoAgWWxMJsmczERNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwA2doC6uoSUy2xoBiVcQxEsnbh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":463,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aa893ff7ebc74d17a92d8c8ad1de4240","width":795},"text":"","id":"MEYwdMGGYoIg60xIrsnc8U5Ynjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiagdImA2oUiqyx0MJWclLgknkk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩基本概念：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8mudiyS0oUuGOx0qB3cFpLvnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、色相：表示色的特质，例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等，表示色彩相貌的差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKWwduOeMoK2w0xqwvzcZs0lnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、明度：表示色彩的强度，即亮度和深浅程度，白色物体反射率最高，所以明度就最高，黑色物体则反之。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JwKYdcSmUoc0K0xa4THcWPZ1ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、纯度：即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色，那么该色相的明度就会越来越高，而纯度越来越低；如果色彩不断混入黑色，它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcO2diAyioyMEIx6cAecB24Rn8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DG8idcue6oIsuqxIP2Kc0gvPnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调，具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉，我们称为冷色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOGadm6oeoQOMwx8ZeMcRo3xnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd239eac2dc642f8882a8f2d3babeca4","width":626},"text":"","id":"PUkKdKgGkoq600xEv4DcL7xYnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HeyAd8qCkoC26Mx8cNecagbqn95"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调，会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉，我们称为暖色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSGodI0eGoSukWxNbDqcYwK0nE7"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81f2fdbc046a4e518b73c41117b73972","width":623},"text":"","id":"Zw0Gdy6yIomeYIxgnjccdaX5nYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间，改善空间效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Smk4dUoQGosE2axq0yncEiK1nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而这些色彩的作用可以总结为：膨胀色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色与下坠色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REGgdoUYio2QaqxyaUbcGEOmnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有膨胀感，冷色具有收缩感：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6G6dw0Sio8o0mxkvWScQnbsnyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":251,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/29932228a33147faaa48b8e525859e1e","width":474},"text":"","id":"NOS0doaSYoc80UxqEFrcV8VonQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEd40i0ouUSExozh3cxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9929650c8e5c4542b783dec2c1b99e47","width":720},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUcNHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOo8U2exAFzucizssn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f2dd205d2ce4e23a875b562e4487b4c","width":720},"text":"","id":"OG6EdQGQeo4oKAx0ml7cmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSC2oMWu8xk5yrclAhPn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed2cdc8deab84a1bbce77f7bfbe004b7","width":720},"text":"","id":"UQ2gdekw4osY2ex4RxAcrG9WnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoU4Kos24kxIgK6cfsQOn8B"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b0c10703afa4192a2d6aafc30d96aa5","width":720},"text":"","id":"E684ds4Cmos2AuxCaF3cH9qQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq0QdqyyKo8uSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9b685c6a91e14064997bca5f9810e00e","width":720},"text":"","id":"QESOd4CImo86YgxEXSXc65DanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcS8dS0o8oucG0xwTu4cJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsW6d8oeSoMaOgx85Ftc7KASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYd4uoSoGI02xW2uZc86qxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdE4W6oogiwxOQDecCmoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmx88VncJE1Rnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQ6ieoIcaYxoxQUcM4kVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03ab520fe17d4b8eb5d2dccaef674157","width":720},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMex0yNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOd6aYqoIeGix8H5Mcp9wAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig4od0a2Mo6MU2xuSXWc42xKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNcChwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWu8xY1incSbinn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a2e4ed8908a4d9e8a0c97767df15ba2","width":720},"text":"","id":"SmKgdc0aQoKSqwxUtl3cHzx8nVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4WgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVr5nKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdW02coOcSux2H18cESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoS64okA06xcFrPcikM5nRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dafd3fc1bdf545f3b33e0669675ec730","width":720},"text":"","id":"WKyGda6aqogeUUxotMtc1AT2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmed28GGo04mqxCUyWc93A1ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQ6Gdiowwoaicmx8udZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a571f941d974bcdad6b9423305f28ae","width":720},"text":"","id":"CqsOd6Oi6oeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSo0dWgu8oo04OxCaokc4a31ndq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6wdicM0oAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8223bca56415445db2bb07ff19141555","width":720},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcF3pc7AJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、无彩色调搭配 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMd6Ie6oMi42xIfG9cZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K82md0M4KoOCKQxqgJwc7FIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9db4f5225c964cf4961187d984e566d9","width":720},"text":"","id":"BiMwdQiIAo48kkxs9CGcEO2gnPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"CAD基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QA8wdUIGAo8gCoxiYPxc1nutnbE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoeMdYuCiomiWgx0yHjcKljanPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWeadsIcaoSCIix0S5PcFJu5nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD教程之基本工具的使用：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2EadGkCyoqG0kxwxSFcG0L1nAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsiEdK4Kuom8IIxCwW0cOhKQnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K800doQyCoqQkmxCg6Ucq6Osnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4KmdEw0AoQOIsxIVrBckDdhnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zy6MdqSGOoAy2exKKQMcLTTIncp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/026cc2fa251b461b8fecb0023aeef9c1","width":947},"text":"","id":"YukKdgEsgo0gEOxiKsAc8Hr1n2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EakAdy6y6oSWeGxmavEcipADnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7dd680011db34a859553d7d1b12355f6","width":1319},"text":"","id":"YeUcdEkOMoaWuuxW6VWcV9s7nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUwSdkUscoagI4xYvOjcEhkVnnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JaGUdq0m6oyoCmxmmtPclPZdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMQdoo2YooWiWxK8TKcyLCanKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69e1c56446154d799eaca6466223b9f3","width":445},"text":"","id":"IMsmdeSagouQWCxYtTwck71Bn9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma20dC048oe22UxIJdmcDjIEnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hs4mdCOKwoc0GwxsLSycZIi1nhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TASGdeqAGoCI20xgxVDclME4ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcqOdcGwGoCmQAxIXghcxRvVnQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文件标签栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iWdIUecouMMYxMRuicaJ2lnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyIud42CeooCUGxOQHvcAMoXnde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiYAdsC6qoCq4CxCuVuc0A9LnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fio4dA26Yoq2Gexya8NcD32wn2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaqkdI0esoqQeUxgFaHcnhexn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI6KdqKQYoe8oExwlC4c8o64nKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":221,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6881644484948e4acacb752ebfd5f51","width":696},"text":"","id":"RikKdaiksoKeuwxygNicQ1U6nDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OymEdWyqWokgwsxWWmDcVJMjnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCwsdA4yso228gxAZXhc8dMvnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYmEdIKkqo4sckxQvelcRiaSnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":219,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a80d6a4ecc4c4efc9c426c970ba0aabf","width":342},"text":"","id":"XQcyd0UikoskYOxMrQ1cNXmFn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4ysdakoioUQeux2NADcyBcNnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyAdk2SMocMesx6ZbQcYMcYnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型布局标签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsK2duQ08oesGoxgr7XcsqFDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Ckd2aEEo2w26xQ2CEcg1q1nI6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S62GdM6qooeYUMxaomScGcQRnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQc2dKSuCoiKkgxS091cVlftnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcIsdgCgioCUCgxnBVMcMYrCnyj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":823,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3009299108a34086a01c40409b179a0c","width":189},"text":"","id":"HuEMd8ccyoUiK2xaE2ucieJ4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiQmdi6iIoYmICxYpjFczaV5nVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8QYdCCu2okOMUxmoGjcd9bnnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LC0ydW6mIoA6iyxkPrAcsYewnEP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":613,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b712104fc88e4c09a93c1651fbe87da4","width":726},"text":"","id":"HAwSdgc8EoCmgQxYHEcc203Lnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Womwd8kYmoO006xUfyXcYFTbnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD常用功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcI4d0aYIoaowyxMjiXc6oYnnFr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用CTRL，ALT快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoiWdGwEEoAsCwxmQmucurWFnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+TK 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(scale)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MygEdq6wcoy6soxQzoOcv1oTnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SN：栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0wEd4W46oQcA6x8jHYcMGdzn6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DT：文本的设置(dtext)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoGSdSGSOoSqGkxCyXKc3BgPnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DI：测量两点间的距离","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOWGdmmIeomw46xwWCtczFHznkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"OI：插入外部对象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeAOdCoKIosEyOxWcKFcvEmankb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"LE：引线标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACQadoQOGomMSGxQNfic4Drzn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ST：单行文本输入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hogcdu4Yco4Q8axcvYkcXRPJnoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"La：图层管理器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fc8Id6e4IoY8sSxADW1c6SSVnze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘图命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CEsQd04SKo6e6gxop29cOs2EnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A：绘圆弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2WmdkQ4mokqsmxGAX9c02K9nwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B：定义块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYcwdu0Ico2og6xkhOycgUW3nxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C：画圆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIqQdiCkuow2MYxWuAacV5O4nAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D：尺寸资源管理器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZUKEdGMEAoOKWoxkjgycZPTynQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E：删除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Be48dKKyioeq2ix8liEcNuhqnle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"F：倒圆角","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EwiKdI0sYoaoG2xqUYmcYsm8n7E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"G：对象组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LY0udYkWio44AAxIlbQclgxvnBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"H：填充","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TwcgdGyM8oSi0mxerLYcUPV1nCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I：插入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HASqdiki2oU620x4CRocmN5vnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"J：对接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2yad66Oao84UOxWaL4cjIRmnWv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"S：拉伸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WYCEd6Uoyo0u2Cxi1vScGWpXndW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T：多行文本输入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VW8SdE4QCoKQi0xuoCHcYzUUnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"W：定义块并保存到硬盘中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ygu2d6UEeoe4CqxUZoKcJyjwnzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"L：直线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsUedyOqgoY6EaxU5VDcVatFnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"M：移动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoSadK8Aaom0s6xcfc4cyAsJn6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X：炸开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMeodQKMMo0kucxArYUcPGM3nNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"V：设置当前坐标","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X64ydsaEAoouWQxkzAFcxIGqn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"U：恢复上一次操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WGYkdQSS4oEYeQxu8hrc6Vn7n1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"O：偏移","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEQad0gsKoo6KqxW2DEc6zVUnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：移动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOuGd6mgsoAmcCx8QmPcuE6fnsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Z：缩放","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EWCudEImUosiKsxgb5QcPwGXnac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqkMdkqOio82WmxoBuMclFFfntd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、作图步骤：设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQi4dI46ooWGuWxMZGlc3OIBnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、绘图始终使用1：1比例。为改变图样的大小，可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8UId8Icko4uKyxK2mfctXvynPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TCc2duwU2oIasGx299Gc4D7Nnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、需精确绘图时，可使用栅格捕捉功能，并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwK4dmIouo6AmOxoTvHcbePfnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中，应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入，然后打印出图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCOIduIKCogw4OxMFi4cTSLAnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、对于有名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等，命名时不仅要简明，而且要遵循一定的规律，以便于查找和使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCKkdEiW6oaeM4xVRH6cPQPhnEr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、将一些常用设置，如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF)，以后绘制新图时，可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它，并开始绘图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6q8di4uSoqA0kxICf7c65Nrn04"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例，大家可以看看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4cWdOeYYooICUxFYHFcrI8vnpo"},{"type":"i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max基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0eUduSmIougGYxMvj7cbdCmnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYkkdy6MOoKE0QxyExpcflernKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyCGdeS4ooQWkaxIHescsGHonge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca439185a5bc406b81ca9623ba0c5b0f","width":946},"text":"","id":"RK8Qd2IAWoyWI0xK2Secz0qTnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各部分介绍如下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H60Ydkwamo0YeGxIF5DcpqQGnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsoMdWECSogg2WxG4Wdcq2C9nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIudC4ksoocAWxSAsXc492Bnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FemmdmaI2oA2wux8DvucDsOun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ui6AdmmWooUwy6xwCYVcDayanUH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoWidKW42omG4Gxewijca5WCnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWUOdM46ioQUA6xkn8AcdmpAn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUMUd4sY0o4SCSxGqGVcPilVnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMqgd6iymoqsG4xsvGbccj27nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSiIdA8OAoSy02xwdp4cZSQbnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0I0dYmCaoccQExsn0ncPC58nIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWMkdW2yoo6aS6xg9aEcA8dBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ci6cdGYguoUkyQx4cRxcBV9EnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":89,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d8f4aeebd744db1bb7b25af71b95449","width":858},"text":"","id":"FCeOd8MmIoMmkixyqYtcEYjhnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、【文件】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HS4sdsKWioC4uoxIBBUc4I6Nnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VceOdUYMoom0G8x89D3cQ8LCn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、【编辑】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YASgdWsWgouOGixsxt2cgfyXnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8kKdEGkAoWiWCxIN57cRqehnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、【工具】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIadco4koE0WYxKYedcaQTZnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCsSdgmW8o0MWyx2XtccITBwnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58b10ff0da754ec4b59675e353493dde","width":1075},"text":"","id":"KiuEdycE0o00yGx257QcTHD7nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、【组】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6a4dsqyyokgiQxINTBc0WsLnEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VigEdIA6QoaAKcx4B7EcsWmnn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、【视图】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XE2SdQOwWokQWkxWiotcaPqSnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIqYdqOaGoiO2OxgpApcyukPnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、【创建】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4MEdMKQQo0Oc6x2vrac1Bnkn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4Ucdee4mouKsaxUrJ5c3UjxnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e35f17a689c495d954e8f648610d83d","width":997},"text":"","id":"IgyGdwIm6oUQ4Gx026scpWSnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、【修改器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEuedOU8io6sWAxqUzXcU2y5nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VS0SdQAogoAOYQxmKVWc3YSrnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、【动画】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8UAdIukeoCoamxiGWQchx6RnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0iodg6SCoMecKxEhdzcyk4anBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xc2OdGkwCoMwKSxe2iwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdk862oGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":887,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ada83e3040d4345a9c1691676fb7fe3","width":1363},"text":"","id":"C2kWdWK2UoS6WuxgH7rcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdm4cso2wEyxQRapcx27gnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxo5DMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、【Civil View】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdi4IAoQ6e0xMH3oc9MHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdg488oyQEoxhaaYct89rnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYd280YooUq0xYbe4cWn3TnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxT9cntQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb8ab8300e9645309ef165fcacc5f583","width":1101},"text":"","id":"P2CSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJ3nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6gsd00iGo0EwWx4NDGcY55wnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4MadgMY2o6YO8xYRt1cGb7ynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsU2dSUOwog0GoxCuPocOyZ3npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ES2Edya0mo2su8xTvThcCwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb32dd92ce7e4b1a8725e99a3cfb3634","width":1008},"text":"","id":"BW0sduomAoo42Sxq4mJc0L2sn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q06GdymU2o6uEGx6XejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMad8cuGo62KWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeq8sxs9g2cnBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYa8dG0UsoCm2Uxw3Abcdgq2nyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycx4jxScSi3dn35"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma2WdoGCmo0SimxeeV0c1X2inje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8c6dgOguomaEQxj2KXca3WLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMG2xGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoK6okWuQxkN8bcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lg0adu0eOoOEmwxoDv2cdWSNn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQ62doi2moMwYixmC9wcjL8ynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudo4m2oKkagxQVcIc4NPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkeqdqu6AoumQMxMBE1ch06lnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSo8ikcxuq7ScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8qwdMcO4oiOIgx0uJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdU8K8oqUWYxYtNtcd4hlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiC8OoSgcmxY9kxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydA0MeoO2SUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yeikdo0uKoMqMAxCcxtcnEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGk0uoe0UCx4hhPcVhj4nhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSe0dOsEQoaCAixoD6pc6putnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIs2dcGAuoYUmux4nNwc4W4Gn7Q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGk80oGie6xM1Xac2X9Tn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcs2d2GioogGw2xAncScRfwMn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcd2sEsog0cuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H00WdKsU4oIWKsxg1dCcOB6BnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiI8uoAmyWxwpcocxbw4nNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2Cmd6MegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMO2moki2ixUdiYc7RbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouy8mxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgid2KYcoo2UkxsYKFcs6ulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOId4COeo224AxKAK0cVHOfn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuo0IQ4xgtRacv2Zvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQ2eowkumxk12PcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0Agd4IICo2SqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4kodGiK2oEymcxfsQZc5ihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqq6Ux4ukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6U2daAwAoSa08xOEj2cyE3ynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSm2xo7FlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sagkd8Sg4o8eMKxY15HcFwfwn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0GQdCcuooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcS2D0nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wc0qdo8sco4Ksmxg0yhc8jFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmST7cZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yy0WdAmOyoq0uexKA7ZcGUPjn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WG26dSyc2oiYQuxsn8tcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgO6dSq40o6cIYxWcDXck4E9nEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U02cdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fy0wd2kGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooI0KxuYLccyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadk0kYoaYy4xgLXYc95VMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":135,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05e210c20fdb4536b300a41de1a549f1","width":779},"text":"","id":"Hc2EdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0KMdKasUoseyixkvRzcErCQn1Z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4WodSqs8oE6KCxi0YbcVQnTnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、材质编辑器工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsqCdcK0so2AQOxa6SVcvChTnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4EGdoMscoYQcgxmaqBc5n80nPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、渲染类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsmQdu4uGoG6yAxXo8XcXXqgnDu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具，分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LiokdsUggowCIAxWCkycVTianjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【渲染设置】按钮（快捷键为F10）可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgUOdugESoEQYSxOasZcsd1gnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框，在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E46cd6IWKokQQmxeiFUcY5jtnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUu0dIkkeo8QwOxcbfAcB3Tbnoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQOadySWqoQegIxM4tIcUR05nIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击主工具栏中的（切换功能区）按钮，即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQkydSUuIoWa48xCizKc52hUn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/87042656c4eb45a3916f0a8772872d17","width":817},"text":"","id":"QAYOdAasioSOcwx7YTecIefhnG1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4y6d0W6Eocss8xwNIqcdf7YnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口，默认情况下视口包括4部分，分别是顶视图（快捷键为T）、前视图（快捷键为F）、左视图（快捷键为L）、透视图（快捷键为P），如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8ModoaWUouqeoxkhJ4cAwyfnBb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":446,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09325e4518e34828bf64a610e25cb1e9","width":784},"text":"","id":"Hqwad0aQ6oAIWixyO44cmdfonLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如，单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标，模型会转动到左侧，并且视图左上方变成了【正交】，若想再次切换回【前视图】，则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkGUd02m6oOcOKxk9Yvca3Rxnmg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":231,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a2d09b3690b48e68b4b4150f053ee08","width":875},"text":"","id":"Omokdq268ocE2WxAnQacp6P5nYT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击视图左上方的四个按钮，能分别弹出四个对话框，可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkMmdq4oAoOg8uxaYJkclo6Xnvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1f95aa15d9d44811ace7b1cf1ccb0721","width":823},"text":"","id":"C0EQdEK2go8wQYximYKcgurHnwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏控件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RywAdWAGyoee0excrkzcKEB5nxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方，它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息，并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSy4dUug4oWW2axEzJxcquSDn7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏控件","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c10faf16f98d4feeb22b024cd2bf0add","width":805},"text":"","id":"Icemd20aQoui0WxYvOkcInAEnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"迷你侦听器：用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器，它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwCQdOs4IoEIG2xAzW6cmvf0n6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏：此处可显示选中了几个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CamgdOMyCo02wGxcPigcx6mqnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提示行：此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wa82dewAqo0iMkxi2Ugco537nyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孤立当前选择切换：单击该按钮将只选择该对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWywduKemosqCmxqxLqcX4gDnSu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定切换：单击该按钮可以锁定该对象，此时其他对象将无法选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XieCdsICqoewCWxUHNXcMMTanXh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绝对模式变换输入：单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BimSdy60mokqiyxYXmacfGcznze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相对/绝对变换输入：可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIGgdCGwUo2G4AxsT6acXqBqnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自适应降级：启用该工具，在操作场景时会更流畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAcCdYIWeogscMxGGp7cBgTenoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"栅格：此处显示栅格数值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jw42duOokoO8A4x8nfTc5qjMnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间标记：单击可以添加和编辑标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U06ydouaeoOoEOxCaaJcb2RJntb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画控件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OI0Kdme4goq2UKxWMT1cEwbNnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画控件位于状态栏的右侧，这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制等，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TaaGdAS6iow04Ux8JspcDP2XnCe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":446,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"动画控件","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7cc9204af734639a4c661ec8dc40c67","width":843},"text":"","id":"AWiMdwKo8oEmyuxiqiNciO4knlh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOqUdiUsUoecmqxc9mlc325bnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成，使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具，3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS8Mdg4e4oCu8Ox0ehHct9xqnFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":390,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/abd020afb01b490b862638ec27d8f842","width":634},"text":"","id":"USeEdoyoyokGmOxmw2ZczRnvnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入【创建】面板，其中包括7种对象，分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L66wdoIiIoeqisxum7McpKGQnsd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07f432fa4e0545d3b8602d151db66a01","width":415},"text":"","id":"DI4SdwWyqoMWeKxKUg4cpKBpnpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几何体：用来创建几何体模型，如长方体、球体等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACWKdUcmAoCgkoxDlILc5T8nnlw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形：用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线，如线、圆、矩形等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyiAdECcAocy6Kx0N9bcoZAKnnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灯光：用来创建场景中的灯光，如目标灯光、泛光灯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkUGdCSmkoQeqcx0UkKckbBdnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摄影机：用来创建场景中的摄影机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Peawd8o2io2I0oxglkMcAJ8onsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助对象：用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tm8md2oMyoW2gyxItZncxERmnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间扭曲：用来创建空间扭曲对象，常搭配粒子使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8Wkd4gUQoegU4xqmObcBjA0nQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"系统：用来创建系统工具，如骨骼、环形阵列等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0qud8koKoquOkxGyrAcK0MTnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数，还可以为对象添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0OAd0eeSoY6iixAZ79cjGKJn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具，通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接，可以创建对象之间的父子关系，包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PayUdU2QcomkWExUXXOcaTiEnKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e88b8388cea04b318bda623b8b8478c7","width":943},"text":"","id":"EsiGdYycmow0O8xk5CVc3lMunJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dq8Cd4AeYoqYeexwPnhcs95Fn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACCYdEM4qoYe6QxKAOpc4VM0n6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序，例如塌陷、测量等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M8YcdWA2IoeswCxsL07cNNd5n1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":662,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a26f78954d64e9abeb5a618c71af59a","width":1006},"text":"","id":"T44mdgiQSoQ622xXQiacOrsvnbX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间尺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKg4dOiAWoKIsix4JTGcKRy9nmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqM6dWqIIooaOoxOeGjcXaEwngd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时间尺","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f9dd4aeaea645ef96bb28f3edd6c1b4","width":900},"text":"","id":"FIw2dQm04o2yyWxmah6cg9GSnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线滑块：位于3dmax界面下方，拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置，还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"POeid4akYoMqSqxYlVycFQuknvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹栏：位于【时间线滑块】下方，用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOWmdGqWyo0uckxk36kcDlNjn5b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视口导航","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYMEdGceaosYOQxOOqmcS4hJnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧，主要用来控制视图的显示和导航，使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUM2duoqQoaAUWxqQRccieZnnWe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口导航","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/abef6dac23aa40c39ef740f53347846c","width":860},"text":"","id":"LWiGdYE6AoMaiaxW0o4cMtQ0nqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放：使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bos6dqKiSocuowxB8TMcbok2ncA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视野：使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6qdGGCOoSK44xAZhicdvdknLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放所有视图：使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuyAdI8EqoWGO2xC2cXc5IODnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移视图：使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWYWdSckoo44QixcXmDcuTL3nid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中，快捷键为Z。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8I0dkicEoY4GuxoXnicJW1inVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"环绕子对象：使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwKOdKkICogKYKx46kDcL6ZznJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有视图最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmyMdcyoAooc40xsKcHcz85znpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2WgdCGMOokiC6xAmjjc6KHznfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsQyd8KOcoyMsExwl4ic3f98n47"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示降级适配(开关) 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgwsdSMSAoAM26x8If8cbwt5njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCoGdSaWSom0kex2ergco1MSn6t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列 【Alt】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEqCd8suWoWwoMxKUj9c7G9jnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角度捕捉(开关) 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6iOd6YuqoCwkqx75pcc0Ismnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画模式 (开关) 【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6YwdI4Kqosq8WxWGKYcB0kVnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到后视图 【K】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGmYdiaCgoWCMSxQnWscdHv6nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eg4edSaMio684KxoDpScg0QGn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【.】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L20udCqeYoCuECx8r16chgWQnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到上(Top)视图 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGeudeMq2oUgKWxA3X6c2ZvNnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiCYdcSg0oeYaexCmbPcSmf6nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6YCdmwa2oAqo4x4ITfcoytEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到前(Front)视图 【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScOIdoiCEoCgSexEnjBcrV6WnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0mSdSm2KoA0gMxe8zic27XVn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到右(Right)视图 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOWqdk8KMoGwGcxomp0cXqMAn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nce2dioiUoQW2exMBXcck4jdnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMySd2sAWoUCQexua5ncfRjrn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0iedIqwwooGgOxYDn5ctSlznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除物体 【DEL】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYsAd4KWYoKg6IxCCX3cuys9nsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当前视图暂时失效 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIQMdW6sOoqw2ixWQ4nc1DUcnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4gid4EmIoKaGAxk9yKcgCr7n4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示第一个工具条 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【Alt】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSYdmyUAoEukYxiwljcAZFknkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下轻推网格小键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Y0d48wUoukaYxA486clU07nuy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上轻推网格小键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwUodusSgoOgsExIVxocu62fnW2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8OodYqwEo8aaAxE19NciEh7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCYudAIugoUGUax8X9Acqqy8nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqK6d64C6o6KwWx25jWc76srn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYMedGIO2osmyixQnAQc60SQnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个MAX文件 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【F5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAoUdyQQQoGqICxmy1WcCt7Nn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到Y轴 【F6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2aed4qiwo6AWSxcO75csx3Dnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UK40dCm8SoY8AIxSeRuccNT5nnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择父物体 【PageUp】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ja22dmwi6ocuu0xE9jDcGsKrn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择子物体 【PageDown】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmqQdAquSoAWOgxwHhucpHcznIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名称选择物体 【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuS6diuEIoiEo2x6TZYc0Lotn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定(开关) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwQQdEoEwoQayGxCwOic4qX7nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减淡所选物体的面(开关) 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【J】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQ4kdEmkwogmCaxmedGcJa78nyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8edacSOoqgkwxSMAFc2As0ndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6KGdIyiSoq84CxOpj0ccHffngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGq8dk8KgoSEG2xOo1scJOUunDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGmqd682SoauS2xUNerc9QNGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音(开关) 【\\】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Li06d26kaogGiUxOApFcukHPnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYW0dEOAioEac6xYh3acqgj5nKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到光线视图 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数字键盘【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoUAdQUicoqOcexEHtPcgksrnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4KUdiaUAoqYssxEnljcqI33nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B6GKdWKOeowiCqxmEK5cx3E4nL1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsCUdesCsoGUIKxSoGUchKVOnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCYQdOCacoGssExqAlxcUulinzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le8CdUMMIoyskIxkZvTci1sxnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWmgdmcGEoWGI0xuKR5cD71knuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 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【Ctrl】+【w】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMCIdQakooq6gmxsTO2cGXyMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式放大 【[】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uy0QdCqU0oO8gOxox9scr6W5n89"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式缩小 【]】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQUYdKoQIoEAsixGAc8cjV1tnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWcKdcuqcoQYUyxE9TPcWC72nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加入(Add)关键帧 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgECdaSGooy6aAxKonSc9I1lnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwoSdmWW8oIA6OxQNX3cRCBancd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REOGdqiMsoSYCaxwLjycH674nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUudMkGkoi00ox0oANcI3dHnQs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑区域模式 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2A2doY06oW4GExpKS3cRqIYnGR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑时间模式 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmEcdO04OoaggcxkMb6cDbTznPt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开对象(Object)切换 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FW2adMwoAoSmcgxS0FWcGzzXndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2ecdC04soSKuOxOI9gcnT1Mnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0U4daUogoyysWxaO0rcsCuZn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定所选物体 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeIKdw4oQoUWEuxMAe9c9JtxnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上移动高亮显示 【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L0y2dqQqCoYE8UxEJgec2aGinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向左轻移关键帧 【←】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEoMdK2MaosgYcxW65qcs1mwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向右轻移关键帧 【→】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG0UdUckQoMKAWx3pSWc8aWTnqU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置区域模式 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OykmdcIcmoEIcUxumJlcOSfRnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EksedKsO0omiqUx8WtMc8gmXn3o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ew8CdiOOkoYSiqxYBJDc7IhbnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSuMdmmYioQqkyxsjuSc2q0gnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KO4KdIwCqooGeCxg7OYcXngpnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEEcdauSIoKWMyxwfa8cEiE3n6r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmwWdiuGmoAGs8xuQY1cS2kIn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质编辑器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgyQdU6y4oQicixCmSCcxdQQnPB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOQdIWmuo0o8Gx2N2qcvo0PnWm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg6UdWMi2o0oUixY3jeciQ5lnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R44QdOWKKoIsiIxEDXrcx3QTnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示意(Schematic)视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGKkdGMGGoe6yixwDJgc75KZnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2YdoWG2oKK62xKwuVcBALbnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6q4dsMImomcuUx8zvLcqUyXnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwWYdgMqEoMQgcxXKEiccRicnFQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制(Draw)区域 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4iOdou4UoMiwWxuMWRclwYunHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染(Render) 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA0MdEkmUoI6cixUB4TcxBVRnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmS0dmUMyoka84x8dcmcKQNTnbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoCsdUGsyoES66x6cW5cFBFgnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CESWdyoQoookkcxMhQQcPpBOnrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKCUdwcCmoWSa6xEP3BcxybGnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8Uydo4ScokSomxgXLBcgy9rnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMOed2GUqoEoMuxm4B3cOuW4nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XCecdI6kUo4u4IxiSkdclOhUnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0d3eaebcdc04fcfb43fc2068639caf8","width":782},"text":"","id":"MS4YdC46aoO0sax6zKpcjMJdntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeUqdSWu8oGC24xn6xhcwSBCnrU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/455fff4dfbb043e49b5d0a939adc3792","width":772},"text":"","id":"UwsQdkwGkoemacxbQFTcGxBWnHF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgokdOIouoUyUaxyOuJc4iyZn9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9686cd0862f4016a8c3eabcae4884f3","width":898},"text":"","id":"POUWdqUMSo8Yw8xsvgucwxn9nVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqsadaCWQoS686x0kcxcjG35n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/caea81eac43240df82a88a490f236e14","width":790},"text":"","id":"F0Ewd8GUWoWCI2xCO9Ccsusxnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG06dGemQoq8cyxio5AcP2hjnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e525008fe5f14e6d967eee01a286654a","width":734},"text":"","id":"XwwKdsa0woGCWCxuUO3c7yACnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUGkdgyuQoaCO2xUHl2cbylCnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09935565bbd64ae6aa6d34704dbc46a5","width":755},"text":"","id":"Qcuodu4i8oKo8UxEVypcNJSVnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwymdAmaOoqsQgxcrnWczAGyntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49ff248b0daa49b0932d45288433d551","width":840},"text":"","id":"UqeGdYOIwoOGmox46rgcrMJXnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQwCdg8SqoecQIxKs29c8ETvnKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f43a69c1e574c38b1a7b215fc8c7775","width":842},"text":"","id":"EEACd8o6so0gcYxOCmKcuArinvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8QIdaGCOouOiSxwsbAcfBMRnTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2CIdy8Kyo4EW0xqYfGcmLIJnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kwoqdcs4woAOcKxumXscs23snFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、建模前的准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4S4d04ykouC4MxQlCKchrgRnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般我们的景观方案确定好后，就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面，如图1，但是图1的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图2。","id":""}],"text":"","id"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Max 2020实用教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuWdWuuKoEky0x4JZ0cm4m2n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0b1dbfd6a294e00ad7bd0290fa0de05","width":646},"text":"","id":"GW2YdUoeWocoaqx2Xlhc4orOnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmsEdwOSOoy0MSxqg35csBelnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":579,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f9305b2367c4451bc75bc0b4ee3ee4f","width":712},"text":"","id":"V2M4dwK42oyaECx4HEscHbAtnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMSEdCIUCoGCeWxSOVTcL1JXnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8554fb9ef520409eb32c2f2ffef3a155","width":609},"text":"","id":"JQeCdCucyooSmGxuq11c3Ir1noh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计过程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCcQd8coeoSysExA9Ksc9YsVnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWmUds86go0ggmxyMR7cUgIcnTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcGsd4uKyow0EsxuGLecgU1Incf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSgQdGI4SoEmM0xOIT0cGBzan1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSW0d0w44oq4OIxWotAcyZ29neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UksedEgISoQowkxItBQc3Jl6nYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方案阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyOqdcsoioauOMxu4N0cFf2Yn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUigdoYM8o4cqexcv8bcAFgInph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoeIdIsWsoMksAx6AObc1tSWnPI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"施工图阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B44odmimOoU0m4xIDX0cLM5ynAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、装修施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8EWdSoEEomwAKxG2xAch9fvngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0Gd6cEwoeEwWxlfMucqLh2nwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEiudqSYgoa8ocxA3h9cgTJsnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③立面图、剖面图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWG8d2uikoESC0xolDscWkERnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④大样图、详图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKCidsykwomoa4xOypLcPUvTnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、设备施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsO0deqoaoUoWSx2lUMcHruOn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8Cde2owooYSQxEbXic3xhBn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeyudoQIKoEi8QxIh5CcYCJVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③暖通：系统、空调布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0UqdUuaeoEGEAxKsErc0E9Rn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcKOd6q66oiUUqxodCUccXnAngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcUodUiUioQy8CxspPXcoHhVnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwISd0yiqo2UUgxgJQbcO6mInXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":489,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d263401247884cda827c93912a1b7cfa","width":805},"text":"","id":"I4cmdyIO2ogcCKxWAn0ckjnRnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RikAdgWOWoGiGIxmaplc6taMnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaG2dk4KOoio8wx21Dockm50nWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c24bfca7951648adaa6fe3fb813e8f26","width":784},"text":"","id":"MWsAdG6yGoSyk8x4tv5ceyy3n9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoEWdWwgaoy4YsxwXRNcyaHXnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwwKd4OEKokky4xOKgxcsgKinUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":479,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7eeceec9f8a941a7aba9544e2ddb2bbd","width":776},"text":"","id":"Gqq2dguEioYy6exkboscNRBPnxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日式北欧融合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NM04dIWI2oG6uoxEpi8cqXWWnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Soq0di8m8ogKicxqaQfcJlrNnPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":477,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"日式北欧融合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc7b606972764b7a83bae4090ca0aeb9","width":780},"text":"","id":"QMMsdYywWokgaAxMLJhcmiWNnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复古风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEY8dyIYYoYEY8xwvnec05Iqnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O2y2d8cs8oKG2ixkrymcOtTSnVe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":482,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复古风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b64a5c6c0db4ee18354ef2b7b887a83","width":784},"text":"","id":"Ow4GdCGuYogOIwxqMVTcvGybnvd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V44cdqgOeoIm4sxIZflcV8aLnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lc68dei0Yo0KMsxeStmclt9Cnhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3fd4f95ed5a426cba8def719a12f7b1","width":793},"text":"","id":"POkWdicG0oOqKaxSqbscOwDTnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PASkd0kAyoWgmox4Oi6c1xbRnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6WOdMUqMoWYgux4ctjcfG3Bn6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义设计","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d7a1e2c47d74d5b9a0cd39b1849db4d","width":789},"text":"","id":"VygIdkUoooK6u4xIzGmcNL8ZnWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuWIdoMGOo4WOKxy2VRcUriKnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiMEdCgiOosoqgxuqbLcdrGtnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWsMd42sUoegy4x02xRcjuq5nbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEQ4dSSE2oGcKCxI56zcqOlAnHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":564,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/232593ce228249e58d282f3e19645d44","width":906},"text":"","id":"JiCSdECmuoeIUSxADEQclHMnnce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGcsd4a4goSwm2x4x5cccmY0nBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0Yyd4KYAoEoEkxgtt1cSPNKnHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/259cf8e7d4b64b16ad9dc9ef49f1977a","width":777},"text":"","id":"LiIYdEoiSoiC2GxKw0lcQKYwnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简约中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VsugdKmEgoUaYkxE7NocJXeTnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAEUdKKMUoUGkgxq0KlcSImInOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":586,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简约中式风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e45ce5849cb240abb79aa60ab7270ec1","width":1003},"text":"","id":"R02Odky4moWAq0xbbn3cgIuOnnM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwGGdGagGoCqWqx6WFScbcY6nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、 整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMQdUYccosCcqxo3MLc0g9Bnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0y2dYgmooSu4yxuQ82c7fwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgE0dskKOos4SSxkTotcmaE0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kca2d2AoQoawAqxMF82cmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q44SdqqIeoykoUxQb8icmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxv44VcGuaWnCC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Akc8dmq2qoymS0xATksc8snun7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6sUd2SmMo0ciCxe6sFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkd6yKmo2GWyxYRcDcr4J5nNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGq8Kx2tg1cT4BFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fec6duW4woEisaxoFg9cyaHCnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOq2xe8IbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMio8O08xCurjcJ2WFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0YadYaOMoAkqCx4fGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mk0IdMQO2oiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMx6WFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Haqcdcgi2oSui2xKKkxcj3XAn3n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6E8dYG8coyQkCxGCkWc2b6Hnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会3DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWm2WoacasxaiGqcWeFCnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsd4YGYowW4ixkj8Pc85EfnEh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5、什么时候最好玩？

明星都接踵而至的苏梅岛

周董，王菲，还有邓超娘娘一家

连国民老公王思聪都包机组后宫团上苏梅呢

那么问题来了明星都住哪儿？

大婚后的周董和昆凌被很多网友拍到在苏梅岛的W Retreat度假，天王嫂更表示苏梅是她最满意的蜜月地点。

周杰伦小公举为了新MV的拍摄又来苏梅岛啦，果然，依旧钟情于W酒店。

其实不止他们，Kimi爸比，表姐刘雯等也都是W Retreat的座上客

不用为选择困难症而头疼了，就跟着明星住一定不会错。

全球共有6个「W Retreat」，而苏梅岛的则是泰国唯一的一个，

这个集时尚奢华浪漫于一身的度假酒店就是苏梅的新宠儿。

W时尚生活

=Design=

W酒店在世界各地均以年轻、时尚、现代的设计风格著称，旨在打造与周边环境相得益彰的完美平衡，其富有艺术气息的标志性建筑处处流露着奢华与创新。苏梅岛这间将时尚现代与迷人海滩的完美结合，呈现出独特的奢华度假体验酒店建筑整体设计宏伟，给人自由宽敞的整体感受，让人在沉浸在自然之中

位置

=Location=

W 度假酒店地处湄南海滩天然质朴的北海岸，在一夜酣眠之后，可探索绮丽的海滩风情，或者参与当地的节日庆典，或是游览瑰丽的佛教建筑。

W酒店就像一个白富美，

静静地躺在湄南海滩，

奢华体验

=Experience=

最美的Woo Bar

临海而建的无敌海景大堂，下沉式的特色Woo Bar，被称为“白富美”果然是有道理啊~所以男票、老公、闺蜜们，如果你的拍照技术不够只好来这拿颜值凑咯~

换个角度看也很美，所谓海天一色不过如此。

夜幕降临，更显情调。左边的摆设其实是一个DJ台，W最在行的就是请来全球各类DJ来开party。

这里的特色是七种不同口味的的Mojito，更是特设了每周四晚的MO-HEE-TOEMADNESS，会免费送你一杯Mojito哦！

你的别墅‖你的泳池‖你的海滩

酒店有74个独立别墅，每一间内都设有私人泳池，虽然不是很大，但如果你不想跟别人share，又嫌外面太晒的话，「躲」在这里最适合不过了。住在海边的villa里更是可以直接通往酒店的私人沙滩。

房间内是很舒服的木质装饰。villa是纵向的设计，200多平也基本够耍的了。

而且洗手间是直接连泳池的哦~

全岛最【潮】酒店

没有之一

从一进门lobby的超大涂鸦墙面就可以感受到时尚时尚最时尚的fiu~~

每个角落都透露着小心思的细节设计。

当然，不仅要好住，还要好玩。比如没事可以下个国际象棋之类的。。。

正因为酒店的设计定位，大部分客人都是年轻人。兴许坐buggy或者吃早餐的时候还能交个朋友什么的。

24/7/365免费的哈根达斯

虽然很多女主都说自己不爱冰淇淋，可是，在这里又有哪个能拒绝冰淇淋！！！这里住客区每走一小段路就会有一个mini的sweet spot，哈根达斯、梦龙、和路雪，当然还有各种可乐雪碧矿泉水之类的~免费畅吃，吃货根本没办法拒绝呐~

这里面是每天24小时/每周7天/每年365天无限供应的哈根达斯，还有梦龙，还有和路雪。。。当然还有各种可乐雪碧矿泉水之类的。。。

惊喜！惊喜！惊喜！

惊喜从一踏进酒店门就开始了！一个精通五国语言的工作人员把你带到酒店餐厅The Kitchen Table，一边招呼坐下，一边介绍酒店的情况，临走的时候来了句，“这餐算我的”！天下真的有白吃的午餐哦！

进了房间，又收到了W有创意的welcome礼物：试管装的鲜榨果汁＋水果棉花糖巧克力pot。

除了一般resort都会送的帽子、背包、防晒霜，个人觉得W最帅的竟然是这里的拖鞋。。。

然后时不时地在房间里给你悄悄的准备一个玫瑰花瓣浴什么的。

五光食色

=Food=

全城最好吃的日餐

这处迷人的日式餐厅面对着辽阔的海洋胜景，令用餐者心境倍感开阔。为了彰显与自然相融的主题，餐厅在入口处设计有垂直花园，配合木质风格的建筑及全景玻璃幕墙，散发宜人清爽的气息。餐厅内部，水泥地与鹅卵石镶嵌的地板纹饰带着返璞归真的韵味。

营业时间:

午餐：周五至周日，中午 12:30 - 下午 15:30； 晚餐：晚上 18:00 - 晚上 23:00

如果不是住在海边的villa，这便是去W沙滩的必经之路。酒店的buggy会把你载到这里下车。

然后穿过这条幽静又充满日式设计感的走廊。

就到了这家叫Namu的餐厅，它被誉为苏梅岛最好吃的日料，连许多不是W的住客都会特别过来膜拜。当然，如果你不怕蚊子的话，在室外用餐也是蛮浪漫的。。。

左下的Maine Lobster Stir-fried with Udon Noodles一定要试！真的是好吃cry啊！顺便提醒一句关于左上那个Big Size的饮料：真的是巨大！！所以不是share的话点正常size就好了。

最幽静的Beach

酒店所处的Mae Nam Beach 远离闹市区，所以并不会有很多人。虽然苏梅岛的沙滩并不是最顶级的，可是W会尽力让你感受到他们的用心。你尽可以躺在沙滩椅上晒太阳，工作人员会送来毛巾、水、防晒霜，还会问你要不要吃免费的哈根达斯。。。哈哈！

如果怕外面太热太晒，也可以钻进沙滩上的SIP Bar，点上一杯透心凉的cocktail。

欣赏日落，虚度时光。

完美服务

=Service=

供应到12点的早餐和完美下午茶

早餐内容很丰盛，恨不得连牛奶就有十种口味。并提供各类现做的餐点，还有很特别的泰式早餐哦！

下午茶什么的颜值就摆在那呢，千万忍住吃之前先拍几张照片~

哦，忘了说，房间里免费供应各种饮料，还有清甜的青苹果，illy咖啡机做出来香浓咖啡也很赞哦~

如果肚子还有量的话也不妨试试这里的Tiramisu，奶油香浓，手指饼浸透适宜，并不会有过重的Kahlua味道。

做SPA才是正经事

来到海边度假，不做个spa怎么对得起自己？更何况这里的Away Spa不仅环境好，泰式按摩真的很舒服哇！你会不由自主的Get AWAY from it all。。（借用这里的广告词哈哈哈～）

每个房间都是开放式的，周围绿草茵茵。Thaimazcal 是这里的特色program，灵感来自墨西哥，采用草本桑拿，蒸汽护理的方式调理，净化身心。

体验完舒服的护理疗程，还可以在Tonic Bar享受健康的一餐。

最浪漫的网球场

W有个浪漫到飞起的梦幻网球场。整个场地都是紫色的，你们感受一下。

所谓「技术不行靠装备」，当然也是酒店免费提供的啦。

酒店房型

作为一家极富口碑的五星级奢华酒店，苏梅岛W酒店设有74 间带有私人泳池及各种豪华设施的别墅。豪华的别墅内，名家设计的家具和丝绸灯饰精致又典雅，46英寸平面电视、DVD播放机和雅马哈无线音响基座均已配备，就连浴室里都安装有22英寸的平面电视，旨在为您缔造尊贵奢享的住宿体验。

丛林绿洲别墅

Jungle Oasis Villa

丛林绿洲别墅

拥有池景、园景和海景三种景致

别墅面积高达163平方米

配有一张超大号双人床

拥有私人泳池和木质甲板

最大入住人数3人

热带绿洲别墅

Trapical Oasis Villa

热带绿洲别墅

拥有精致的园景花园

现代化的设施及禅意落地窗

别墅面积223平方米

配有一张超大号双人床

拥有私人泳池和宽敞庭院

最大入住人数3人

海景幽居

Ocean View Escape

海景幽居

坐落于山坡上

位于酒店最高处，享有最美海景

别墅面积163平方米

配有一张超大号双人床

拥有私人泳池和露台

最大入住人数3人

海滨天堂 Ocean Front Haven

该别墅距离海滩仅有几步之遥，庭院内的精致花园设有私人泳池。

别墅面积223平方米，配有一张超大号双人床

拥有私人泳池和庭院，最大入住人数3人

极致惊艳海洋天堂 Extreme WOW Ocean Haven

极致惊艳海洋天堂别墅设有独立的入口，共有两层楼，享有海景，同时还设有一座137平方米的私人泳池。

别墅面积888平方米，配有2张双人床和1张超大号双人床

拥有私人泳池和庭院，享有惊艳海景，最大入住人数6人

海景逃遁别墅

Seascape Escape

这栋巨大的独立别墅享有泰国湾（Gulf of Thailand）的壮丽美景，总共2层，设有4间卧室，是酒店内最大的别墅。

别墅面积2044平方米，配有3张超大号双人床和1张大号双人床

设有宽敞露台、私人无边界泳池、日光躺椅和日光浴床，最大入住人数10人

无论是度蜜月度假

这里都是一个来苏梅岛的理由

如果有时间又有钱

何不马上行动？

W Hotel

此生，苏梅岛值得一住！

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